A network of ancient tunnels that Jewish rebels used to hide from the Roman army has opened to the public for the first time at Horbat Burgin, in the Judean foothills. The complex also includes a Byzantine-era church with colorful mosaics. About 200 meters of tunnels can now be visited underground, said Amir Ganor, the Israel Antiquities Authority researcher who led the excavations.
In the Second Temple period, the site held a large village, which some researchers believe may be Caphar Bish, a settlement mentioned by the first-century historian Flavius Josephus. In the Early Roman period, its residents carved extensive networks of rooms and tunnels into the bedrock as they readied themselves for conflict with Rome. Ganor explained that the stone of the Shephelah lowlands is so soft that every house had its own underground rooms and shelters. During the Bar Kochba revolt, the residents linked them all together with tunnels so they could hide and escape from the Roman army.
Horbat Burgin lies within Adullam–France Park, south of Beit Shemesh, and is one of the largest archaeological sites in the Judean foothills, with remains ranging from the second century BCE to the Ottoman Empire of the 19th century. Ganor, Alon Klein and Peter Gendelman began excavating there in 1995 because looters were constantly digging through the ruins and selling what they found on the black market. “Once we started to dig here, the looting stopped,” Ganor said, adding that the same approach is needed at every archaeological site that suffers from looting. KKL-JNF, the Israel Antiquities Authority and the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council excavated, conserved and developed the site as a public attraction. (TOI/VFI News)
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